Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Illegal Substance Abuse And Addiction - 1196 Words

Illegal substance abuse and addiction can have far-reaching negative impacts that affect not only the people who abuse drugs but also their friends, family members, the community, and government resources. Substance abuse can lead to domestic violence, child abuse, suicide, crime, automobile accidents, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, and unwanted pregnancy. A particular area of concern of drug use and abuse is the impact of methamphetamine (meth) labs on public safety and the environment. The production of methamphetamine involves the use of anhydrous ammonia, hydriodic acid, and iodine. These chemicals are extremely dangerous when ingested or inhaled. Many times, meth labs are located in apartment buildings and houses, putting neighboring residents at severe health risk (The Impact of Drugs on Society - National Drug Threat Assessment 2006). Emergency responders, law enforcement officers and people who live in the area are also at risk of death or injury due to methamphetamine production. Another area of concern how drug abuse impacts businesses. An employee involved in drug use can potentially jeopardize the economic success of the organization. For instance, employees who abuse drugs sometimes steal supplies, equipment, or money that can be used or sold to obtain drugs. Other impacts include decreased productivity, increased time away from work, and more frequent use of insurance and medical benefits. Also, an employee operating equipment or a transportShow MoreRelatedWho Gets Addicted And How?1174 Words   |  5 Pagesphysician specializes in addiction. Mate is describing that most of his patients are addicted to cocaine, alcohol, and heroin(Mate 320).This means that most of the people in Downtown Eastside are addicts to illegal substances such as Cocaine, Heroine etc. Addict is someone who cannot survive without particular substance such as Tea, Coffee, Alcohol etc. Living without these kinds of substances is very difficult for an addict person, that he/she gets addicted for a lifetime. Addiction can be caused byRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1423 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse among adolescents is a growing problem in the United States with a staggering amount of teens falling victim to the vicious cycle of drug abuse. Teens are subjected to pressure from their peers and have the misconception that using drugs are cool and free of consequences. Therefore, teens begin to experiment with drugs and alcohol at an early age and often times don’t think about the negative stigma associated with drug abuse. Unfortunately, even casual use of drugs and alcohol canRead MoreDrug Addiction And Drug Abuse1401 Words   |  6 PagesAn Essay on Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse Introduction: The terms drug addiction and drug abuse are often used interchangeably. However, they are in fact two separate situations. Drug abuse generally leads a person down the path toward drug addiction, but not every individual who abuses drugs becomes an addict. The definition of drug abuse continues to change because the term is subjective and infused with the political and moral values of the society or culture one lives in. An exampleRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Alcohol On The Brain846 Words   |  4 PagesWhat really is an addiction? Why and how do such individuals get hooked on something and cannot seem to part ways? Many bystanders and outsiders seem to be puzzled on why or how others become addicted to drugs and alcohol. This has been an ongoing issue still current in today’s society. â€Å"It is often mistakenly assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop using drugs simply by choosing to change their behavio r† (Understanding Drug). Same thing goes for theRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Abuse1331 Words   |  6 PagesJune 2007-2014: (Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene [Graph 1], 2014). As the graph above illustrates, drug abuse is a disease that is often overlooked and if untreated it could turn into a recreational activity for the people using them and eventually increase the number of drug enthusiasts throughout Baltimore. Many teens begin to utilize illegal substances and become attached which causes situations such as dropping out of school, roaming the streets, and hurting the people whoRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion924 Words   |  4 Pages Substance abuse with pregnant women is a situation that is being ignored in the United States. There are many pregnant woman in the United States who are abusing illegal substances without any prosecution. Allowing these women to do so causes major defects on the babies and the mothers get no serious punishment fo r their actions. This issue is similar to the argument on whether abortion should be legal or not, because both situations can kill the baby while it’s still in the womb. Women who useRead MoreEssay on Alcohol vs Marijuana1537 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequences of drug addiction, millions of people constantly consume different legal and illegal drugs. Affecting peoples mind and changing their behavior, drugs become one of the most threatening factors of social risk, resulting in increasing rates of mortality, aggressive and criminal behavior, and dissolution of social ties. This paper is devoted to comparison of social science outcome characteristics for two of the most commonly used drugs in the groups of legal and illegal drugs--alcohol inRead MoreIllegal Drugs1263 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Illegal drugs Illegal drugs are drugs which have controls on them by a government and are illegal in certain situations (a person is not allowed to have them). A drug is any chemical designed to affect the human body. A psychoactive drug is a drug that affects the brain. Some controlled drugs are allowed if you have permission (called a prescription) from a doctor. Other drugs are illegal - meaning you are never allowed to have them. Individual countries and places have different laws about differentRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On Society1285 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse has existed since the start of civilization and it is an ever present entity in the modern era as well. Distilled beverages were the main drinking source in many cases even safer to drink than water in early civilizations, for instance during the Middle Ages. Many substances were also used in medicine derived from certain plants for anesthetics such as opioids from poppy seeds. In addition, nicotine and tobacc o products and other hallucinogenic substances were used for recreationalRead MoreDetrimental Social Problems: Substance Abuse Essays1197 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most detrimental social problems found in all societies. It has been the leading cause for generational breakdowns of families and communities, and is probably the most controversial social problem when developing corrective solutions. Substance abuse can be defined as the chemical dependence, or pattern of usage of both legal and illegal substances, that has adverse physical, psychological, and psychomotor effects on the human body. The use of substances does not always

Monday, December 16, 2019

Satire The Fundamental Function Of Satire - 1644 Words

Comedy plays a fundamental role in my life, ranging from the witty encounters with likeminded people and the way that humour permeates through my family life. On a personal level, I tend to enjoy satirical comedy above all other sub-genres, and in particular, slapstick comedy. Satire is a technique employed by writers and comedians alike to expose and criticise corruption and shortcomings of an individual or a society by using humour, irony and/or exaggeration. Ultimately, the writer feels obliged to expose these vices to for the betterment of humanity. The fundamental function of satire is to warn the public about prevailing corruption and disorder within a society. [1] Furthermore, the sub-genre of satire has become an underlying part of†¦show more content†¦[3] World famous Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and founder of psycho-analysis published a book entitled ‘Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious’ which deals with the perennial themes of comedy and laughter. He analyses three laughter situations: der Witz (translated as â€Å"joking†), â€Å"the comic† and â€Å"humour†. Firstly, der Witz includes prepared jokes and repartee. According to Freud, the emotions which are most commonly repressed include sexual desire and hostility, hence why most jokes and witty remarks expressed in a social situation revolve around sex and hostility. In this case, the psychic energy used to repress these innate desires become superfluous, and is therefore released as laughter. [2] â€Å"The comic† situation follows a similar theme. Instead, this time it is the energy devoted to thinking. An example is laughter at the clumsy actions of a clown. We observe movements that we would perform efficiently and smoothly and find them amusing because we cannot comprehend the action. Sigmund Freud applies the theory of â€Å"mimetic representation† in which we expend a large amount of energy to understand a small action such as the uncoordinated actions of the clown. This mental task demands a larger amount of energy than the amount we utilise to mentally represent our own graceful movement. [2] Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin also commented on comedy. In his book entitled Rabelais and His World , Bakhtin attempts to account theShow MoreRelatedContemporary Rhetoric Test # 11364 Words   |  6 PagesLorena Vicuna Contemporary Rhetoric Test#1 †¢ What 3 fundamental concepts are important to understanding and explaining the rhetorical function of the parody? Concept #1= Satire Concept #2= Ideology Concept #3= Irony Before going into detail on what each concept means and what relationship it has in us understanding the rhetorical fundamental of parody, it would be nice to know what Parody is and where it originated. Originally, parodies appeared in Ancient Greek literature, and consisted ofRead MoreEssay about A Swift Change Is Imminent1714 Words   |  7 Pagesvitriolic satire, which permeates humanity’s blindness through political stand points. By using grotesque metaphors, to open the figurative eyes of the public, Swift’s poetry forced society to analyze the ways of living in order to push reform. The push came in his many satiric works, which criticized humanity, but also acquitted the feelings of a personal vendetta. Swift’s vendetta against oppression in his society constructed the transition to a more heavily vitriolic type of universal satire, whichRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1032 Words   |  5 Pagesidea that an unwanted child should be fattened up then feed to landlords or have their meat sold in the market. In turn curing the nation’s problem of overpopulation and contribute to the economic well-being of the nation. Swift’s satire exploits the fundamental human function of eating. The need to eat is a driving human force, for a population to survive they need to eat. To propose the idea that we should eat our offspring is vile. Through Swift’s ingenious writing, start off entirely opposed to hisRead MoreAspects of Postmodernism in Happy Endings and Videotape1523 Words   |  7 Pagesregular dictionary, we may encounter something like a style and movement in art [Â…] in the late 20th century that reacts against modern styles, for example by mixing features form traditional and modern styles . In fact, it has extended many of the fundamental techniques and assumptions of modern literature. A lot of aspects and characteristics of this relatively new current are well exposed in short stories such as Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood (Atwood) and Videotape by Don Delillo (Delillo).Read MoreCompare and contrast Ben Jonson’s ‘The Alchemist’ and Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’1842 Words   |  8 Pageswhich my argument progresses, and help to tease out the arcane and often tangled strands of esoteric alchemical theories. Together, these offer a symbolic framework of circularity which may go some way towards clarifying and making sense of the fundamental differences in Shakespeares and Jonsons respective treatments of alchemical philosophies and the human potential for self-knowledge and transformation. The distinction between I and him is emphasized by Jonsons assertion of an answer toRead MoreThe Crying Of Lot 49 By Thomas Pynchon1174 Words   |  5 Pagesnovella, The Crying of Lot 49, set in the 1960 s counterculture era of hippies (rejecting mainstream American Society), captures the essence of rebelling against institutions. The literary gen ius Pynchon, with his slapstick absurdity, irony, and satire, parodies the major movements of the era and utilizes entropy to discuss the logical flow of order into chaos (through Nefastis and the Maxwell Demon). However, not all individuals possess the ability to unlock their primal instincts. Oedipa, theRead MorePride and Prejudice: Themes, Motifs, and Symbols1368 Words   |  6 PagesThemes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Love Pride and Prejudice contains one of the most cherished love stories in English literature: the courtship between Darcy and Elizabeth. As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers own personal qualities. Elizabeths pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcys prejudiceRead MoreMongo Betis Narrative in The Poor Christ of Bomba is the Nativity of Postcolonialism4296 Words   |  18 Pagesharness the fundamental effect of constructing this globalized transhistorcity of colonialism is to evacuate the very meaning of the word and dispense that meaning so widely that we can no longer speak if determinate histories of determinate structures such as that of the postcolonial state (31). Before postcolonialism is understood at some level, colonialism itself has to be defined. Mongo Beti uses his book, The Poor Christ of Bomba, to tell a fictional tale of colonialism. He uses wit, satire, ironyRead MoreCase Study 2 Hollywood1665 Words   |  7 PagesJustify your answer. Answers 1. Hollywood films promote all aspects of culture. Everything depicted in the iceberg model below has at one time or another been the subject of a Hollywood film. For example, Sandra Bullock in Miss Congeniality was a satire on conceptions of beauty; Daniel Day Lewis and Madeline Stowe in Last of the Mohicans, depicted rites of passage, as does Kevin Costner in Dances With Wolves. James Caviezel and Guy Pearce in The Count of Monte Cristo highlight the struggle betweenRead MoreTo What Extent is Marxist Criticism Helpful in Opening Up Potential Meanings in CATCH 22?1492 Words   |  6 Pages‘worker’. Marxist critics argue that capitalism, which dominates US politics, turns peoples into things, it reifies them. In Marxist terms, such a capitalist mode of production generates a materialistic view of the world, in which ultimately all of us function as objects and become alienated from ourselves. Yossarian cannot go home because his superiors require him for their own personal gain, and it makes no difference what justification they might give for making him stay. The rest of Yossarian’s squadron

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Party free essay sample

It has been thought in Mona Gardner The Dinner Party that men have more self- contron than women. A colonial official and his wife are throwing a large dinner party, and have gotten in a argument that men have more self-controlpublishing company Dark Horse Comics acquired the licensing rights for the release of English translations of Gantz on July 1, 2007 during the Anime The first English volume was released on June 25, 2008. [1] While the first three were being published uarterly, the following volumes are being released on a bimonthly basis. 13] As of July 2013, 28 volumes have been released by Dark Horse Comics. [14] The series is published by Gl ©nat in Spain, by Editorial Vid in Mexico, by Tonkam in France and by Planet Manga in Germany, Italy, Brazil[1 and by Editorial Ivrea in Argentina. [18]e chapters of the Japanese manga Gantz are written and illustrated by Hiroya Oku, and have been published in the Japanese manga anthology Weekly Young Jump since its issue 32 published in The plot follows a teenager named Kei Kurono and his friend Masaru Kato who die in a train accident and become part of a semi-posthumous game in which they, and several other recently deceased people, are forced to hunt down and kill aliens. We will write a custom essay sample on Party or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gantz is divided into three main story arcs referred to as phases. After the completion of Phase 1, the author put the series on hiatus for a short time to work on Phase 2, which is also known as Catastrophe. Phase 1 consists of the first 237 chapters. On November 22, 2006, the first chapter of Phase 2, chapter 238, was released. As of chapter 303, the series was put in hiatus once again in order to let Oku prepare in the making of the final arc of the series. The series continued serialization in October from 2009. [5] The individual chapters are collected by Shueisha in tankbon format; the first volume was released on December 1 1, 2000. [6] 37 volumes have been released by Shueisha. An anime adaptation, produced by Gonzo and directed by Ichiro Itano, aired in Japan on Fuji Televtston and

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Sound Recording free essay sample

Its History And Impact On Media In The 21st Century On this essay I will try to show how Sound Recording impacts media in the 21st century. But in order for me to do that I will need to explore the history of Sound Recording, which started in the 19th Century. Before 1877 sound could be recorded but not played. That year Thomas Alva Edison invented the talking tin foil, also known as the phonograph (voice – writer), which enabled sound to be played back (the first speech to be recorded and played back was the poem by Sarah Josepha Hale (1830) ‘Mary had a little lamb’, which, unfortunately â€Å"was not preserved, but in 1927, Edison re-enacted the recording for Fox Movietone news. It can be heard on the Recording Technology History web site at http://history. sandiego. edu/gen/recording/mary. html† (John Cosway 2008 Livin Publishing’s webpage)). But it had a problem when the tin foil was removed from the machine it would loose its shape making it impossible for sound to be played back again. We will write a custom essay sample on Sound Recording or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Along the years technology improved a lot, especially after the First World War. Because of radio improvements as well as records, recording and buying music became cheaper and easier. Radios would use records to fill up airtime and bands and singers would use radio to advertise their songs. That made music palpable to everyone all over the world. So a song recorded in Europe could be heard in the United States of America within months. But not only music was, now, able to cross oceans it was, also, able to cross classes, meaning that classical music could be heard by poorer classes as well as folkloric music could be heard by richer classes. Edison realized â€Å"that what he had arrived at was something else, and in an article for the North American Review in 1878 he suggested a number of uses for the new invention. The article makes curious reading: here is an inventor, aware that the machine he has just created is remarkable but as yet too crude to be practicable, trying to awaken people’s imagination to what it might do: . Letter writing and all kinds of dictation without the aid of a stenographer. 2. Phonographic books, which will speak to blind people without effort on their part. 3. The teaching of elocution. 4. Reproduction of music. 5. The ‘Family Record’ – a registry of saying, reminiscences, etc. , by members of a family in their own voices, and of the last words of a dying pe rson. 6. Music boxes and toys. 7. Clocks that should announce in an articulate speech the time for going home, going to meals, etc. 8. The preservation of languages by exact reproduction of the manner of pronouncing. 9. Educational purposes; such as preserving the explanations made by a teacher, so that the pupil can refer to them at any moment, and spelling or other lessons placed upon the phonograph for convenience in committing to memory. 10. Connection with the telephone, so as to make that instrument an auxiliary in the transmission of permanent and invaluable records, instead of being the recipient of momentary and fleeting communications. (Gelatt, 1977)† (Chanan, 1995:3) In 1889 the enterprising manager of the Pacific Phonograph Company decided to put a coin-operated phonograph in a saloon. Although it would only play one song it helped launch the modern music industry. The Pacific Phonograph improved the idea of the coin-operated player piano, music boxes, and other similar technologies by playing back commercially made records. Pacific Phonograph reported that after five months the coin-operated phonograph had generated $1,000. 00, which is very remarkable because every time some one wanted to play the song they would only have to pay five cents. After a few years as novelty items in phonograph parlours, low priced home machines began to appear. The top-selling cylinders of the period around 1900 were probably (based on their predominance in catallogs) military bands. Many of these military band recordings were actually dance music, described in catalogs according to the way people were expected to dance to it, e. g. waltzes, polkas, cakewalks, and so on. Yet the most famous leader of such a band, John Philip Sousa, had doubts about the phonograph and publicly denounced recordings as inferior to live music. Thus began a decades-long campaign against recorded music, sponsored by a succession of music critics, social theorists, and musicians. As one of those social theorists has argued, the real significance of the early phonograph was that it transformed the way people listened to music. Where once music was a unique, live performance, experienced in a public place with a group, now it was heard privately in the home and it was possible to hear the same performance over and over. According to this argument, the listening experience was cheapened. Recording History. org(? ) Music was available almost anywhere, any time so people, in theory, would be exposed to a wider selection of music, which, some people believed, would result in a social uplift process. However in the United States and Europe most people kept buying popular music instead of what reformers called â€Å"good† music. †Good† music started being advertised more heavily, by companies like Victor, Columbia and Edison’s, by offering a wider variety of â€Å"good† music in their catalogs. Historians have also countered the argument that the phonograph degraded musical taste by noting that good live music was not always readily available to millions of people in nations like the United States, who lived outside major cities. The phonograph provided a link to urban culture good and bad, including the serious music preferred by highbrow music critics. However, by the time it was possible to track record sales according to the type of music, it was clear that the public still preferred popular music. Record companies did nothing to discourage the sale of popular recordings, which largely supported their business. † Recording History. org(? ) In the 20th century the phonograph played a more important role in mixing races, especially in the United States, where African-Americans were inventing Jazz music but it was usually recorded by white people. This might have been seen as a positive start to create a link between black and white societies. Unfortunately this phenomenon happened at the same time as â€Å"coon† and ethnic recordings. Coon† was often seen as comedy and stereotyped black-sounding voices were used to entertain. Nowadays it is hard to listen to them and not find them offensive but back then it probably was. â€Å"In fact, it is reasonable to compare these to another popular turn-of-the-century type recording which employed humorous stereotypes of whites-known as hick recordings. Modern attitudes about rural whites have not undergone the same tran sition as those regarding African-Americans, so that today the hick stereotype is still socially acceptable. It is possible that coon recordings reflected an analogous type of attitude among the white population. † Recording History. org(? ) â€Å"Economically, musicians began to experience recording as a new and contradictory form of exploitation, in which other people were always making more from records than they did, although the rewards to be gained with success often outstripped all other sources of musical money-making; a process that also changed the shape of music publishing and the entertainment business. (Chanan, 1995:7). Today music artists are super stars, they have paparazzi following them 24/7, because people at home want to know every little aspect of their lives. If an artist wants to know how successful they are all they need to do is count how many paparazzi are following them. Sound recording also has a major part in our daily lives, probably more than we realize. All ten of the suggestions that Edison gave in the article, The Fabulous Phonograph 1877-1977, by Roland Gelatt are being used today: our lives depend on the answering machine or the digital voicemail; we not only have audio books but we also have audio description (a service provided by some networks to describe the scenes being shown so people, that are blind or can’t see very well, can enjoy the program as well as any one else); we are able to learn a foreign language by repeating after a CD or MP3 file; among many others. Another use for Sound Recording is surveillance. The ‘surveillance society’ â€Å"has been developing for many decades, aided by new technologies. Wiretapping, for example, began as early as the U. S. Civil War, when both sides tapped into the other forces telegraph lines and simply copied down the messages. ( ) Today the use of audio surveillance is arguably a minor issue compared to the massive use of video and internet surveillance. However, it is important to remember the deep roots that the surveillance has in our history. What is being done with technology today is not different in principle to what was done a century ago, but today it is undeniably more sophisticated. Recording History. org (? ) On August 17, 1982 the first Compact Disc (also known as CD) was launched and the first title to be released was The Visitors (1981) by Abba. Sony’s CD player reached the market on October 1, 1982 in Japan and early the following year in the United States of America and other markets. â€Å"This event is often s een as the Big Bang of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players sank rapidly, the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms . In 1986 Queen became the first artist to have their entire catalogue converted to the format. † Wikipedia (2008) â€Å"The CD was originally thought of as an evolution of the gramophone record, rather than primarily as a data storage medium. Only later did the concept of an audio file arise, and the generalizing of this to any data file. From its origins as a music format, Compact Disc has grown to encompass other applications. In June 1985, the CD-ROM (read-only memory) and, in 1990, CD-Recordable were introduced, developed by Sony and Philips. † Wikipedia (2008) MTV (Music Television) was launched on August 1st, 1981. The producers Alan Goodman and Fred Seibert decided to play the MTV theme song over a montage of the Apollo 11 moon landing, associating the launching of MTV with the most famous moment in world television history. Thanks to MTV a very firm commercial interdependence of music, dance, film, and computer graphics was established. With the advances in digital technologies in the 1990’s such as MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) and digital sequencing, solitary musicians can add to the music a full spectrum of instruments simultaneously. For example â€Å"Rap music highlights the increased use of appropriated and re-contextualized audio material, which is facilitated by digital sampling. † Intekom (1994-99). Also, multimedia production tools became extremely easy to use, especially since both video and audio information can be stored digitally, â€Å"mixing them becomes more seamlessly natural. Desktop artists and hobbyists of moderate means can now manipulate digital material with the same technical precision that recently required expensive studio equipment and substantially more time. Internet enthusiasts on different continents can collaborate on multimedia creations. † Intekom (1994-99). The latest technology in Sound Recording was launched on a â€Å"rented auditorium near Apples corporate campus in Cupertino. The audience and the rest of the computer industry was shocked by the product (iPod). No one grasped the importance of the device to Apple and the music industry in eneral until much later. Many reacted to the product with hostility, with criticisms that ranged from its $400 price to the scroll wheel and its lack of Windows compatibility. † Low End Mac (2007). When the iPod was released in Europe it had a much more enthusiastic reception. As the popularity of the iPod grew a whole ecosystem started to be created around it. In 2003 when Apple launc hed the iTunes store they revolutionized the music industry. Now anyone can download music, legally, within seconds of its release, at the store, anywhere in the world. They also offer another service called Podcast (a series of digital media files distributed over the internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. ), which allows people to put an interview or a debate or even their own opinion available on the Internet (it is even possible to have shows that are only released in Podcast). iTunes also sells films that can be downloaded into and played in an iPod giving us the possibility to watch films from all around the world. All the advances in the Sound Recording area allows different cultures to merge e. g. e find Brazilian musicians playing Brazilian rap and Americans playing samba. â€Å"So what would Thomas Edison have to say about all of the recording advances in the 130 years since his tin foil breakthrough? Perhaps, he would ask how to upload Mary Had a Little Lamb to his spiffy new iPod. † Cosway, (2008) Unfortunately I can’t include all the aspects that I wanted but I hope the ones I did include explains in general the evolution and the importance of Sound Recording. Bellow I added a summary of the History of Sound Recording. NOTES: Summary Of Main Events In The History Of Sound Recording 1877 Thomas Alva Edison applied for the US Patent 200 521 which covered talking machines and sound writers to be known as Phonographs. The first phonographs used tin foil cylinders. 1886 Edison was granted US patent 341 214 for a wax coated recording cylinder. This signified the beginning of the end of the tin foil coated cylinder. 1889 Coin-in-the slot public access replay facilities, a primitive form of juke box, which could be used in amusement arcades, became immensely popular in the US creating a demand for entertainment recordings, mainly comic monologues. 903 The first 12 inch dia meter records were released on the Monarch label. HMV Italiana released Verdi’s ‘Ernani’ on 40 single sided discs. 1906 The Victor Company’s Victrola model gramophone first appeared. Victrola was to become a generic term. 1925 The first ‘electrical’ recordings were issued by Victor and Colombia in the US. 1931 Alan Dower Blumlein (EMI) was granted a patent for a stereo recording technique that provided the basis for present day techniques. 1934 BASF manufactured 50,000 metres of magnetic recording tape for use by AEG for large scale experiments. 936 BASF engineers, using a Magnetophon, recorded Mozart’s Symphony No. 39 with the London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham. The first tape recording of a full symphony orchestra, it still exists and is of surprisingly good quality. 1941 Leopold Stokowski conducted the recording sessions for the soundtrack of the Walt Disney film ‘Fantasia’. 1952 Cinerama presented multi sound track replay to the public for the first time. 1956 Stereo LPs became available and new releases were issued in both mono (m onaural) and stereo (stereophonic) versions. The Philips original cast recordings of ‘My Fair Lady’ was one of the first million seller LPs. 1965 Pre-recorded Musicassettes were released. 1966 Dr Ray Dolby introduced the Dolby Noise Reduction System. 1975 Computer memory was added to studio equipment. 1979 Sony introduced the Walkman 1982 Compact Disc (CD) hardware and software was launched in Japan. 1989 the CD accounted for over 200 million units and the LP was beginning to disappear from record stores. 1989 DAT was introduced by Sony in the US. 1992 Sony introduced MiniDisc (MD). 1996 The first DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) product was shown. 997 Elton John’s tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales, Candle in the Wind 1997 became the fastest selling single ever and was certified 8 times platinum by the RIAA within 24 hours of release. 1998 Music piracy on the Internet, using the MP3 format, became a cult activity. † Team One of Sociology (2000) 2001 Apple Inc. launches the ‘iPod’, a device t hat stores digital music in such formats as MP3 and ACC. 2003 Apple Inc. launches the iTunes store, which establishes the model of selling individual songs and films for purchase.